System adequacy in the Southern African Power Pool: A case for capacity mechanisms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2018/v29i4a5581Keywords:
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP), system adequacy, competitive electricity supply, capacity mechanismsAbstract
The requirement for increased investment in electrical energy infrastructure in the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) region is contextualised. Background on the SAPP is provided for reference. A brief assessment of historical capacity adequacy in the SAPP region shows historically sustained levels of inadequacy as well as distinctive investment cycles primarily as a result of administratively determined generation capacity investments within each member country. The introduction of an appropriately designed capacity mechanism is proposed for SAPP to facilitate system adequacy and incentivise long-term capacity investment.
Downloads
References
World Bank Group. Land area (sq. km) [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Nov]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2
World Bank Group. Population, total [Internet]. World Development Indicators. 2015 [accessed 2016 Nov]. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 1996. Available from: http://www.sapp.co.zw/docs/SAPP report (1995-1997).pdf
Southern African power Pool (SAPP). Demand and Supply [Internet]. 2016 [accessed 2017 Oct]. Available from: http://www.sapp.co.zw/demand-and-supply
World Bank Group. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) [Internet]. World Development Indicators. 2014 [accessed 2017 Oct]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC
International Energy Agency (IEA). Energy Access Outlook 2017: From poverty to prosperity [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2017SpecialReport_EnergyAccessOutlook.pdf
SADCC. Southern Africa: Toward economic liberation. A declaration by the governments of independent states of Southern Africa made at Lusaka on the 1st April 1980 [Internet]. Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC); 1980. Available from: http://www.sadc.int/english/key-documents/declaration-and-treaty-of-sadc/
SADC. Towards a Southern African development community – A declaration made by the Heads of state or government of Southern Africa at Windhoek [Internet]. Windhoek: Southern African Development COmmunity (SADC); 1992. Available from: http://www.sadc.int/english/key-documents/declaration-and-treaty-of-sadc/
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2015. Available from: http://www.sapp.co.zw/docs/SAPP Annual Report-2015.pdf
Musaba, L. SAPP Overview and Interconnections [Internet]. Harare, Zimbabwe; 2011. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Musaba, L. The development of the SAPP competitive electricity market. In: IEEE Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa. Durban, South Africa; 2005. p. 11–5.
Southern African Power Pool. Southern African Power Pool Inter-Utility Memorandum of Understanding [Internet]. 2005. Available from: http://www.sadc.int/documents-publications/show/1024
SADC Energy Ministers. Southern African Power Pool Inter-Governmental Memorandum of Understanding. 2006.
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP Monthly Market Performance Report [Internet]. Available from: http://www.sapp.co.zw/mreports.html
Graeber, B Spalding-Fecher, R Gonah, B. Optimising trans-national power generation and transmission investments: A Southern African example. Energy Policy. 2005; 33(18):2337–49.
Coetzee, MC. The operational experience of the first 400 kV feeder in the Southern African power pool. In: 1996 IEEE AFRICON 4th Africon conference in Africa. Stellenbosch, South Africa; 1996. p. 48–51.
Southern African Development Community (SADC). MEMBER STATES [Internet]. 2012 [accessed 2011 Jun]. Available from: http://www.sadc.int/member-states/
Hammons, TJ. Electricity infrastructures in the global marketplace. Intech; 2011.
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). Southern African Power Pool Inter-Utility Memorandum of Understanding. 1995.
Southern African Power Pool. Southern African Power Pool Agreement between Operating Members [Internet]. 1995. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2009. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2012. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. Southern African Power Pool Operating Guidelines. 1996.
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP Annual Report. 2016.
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP Transfer Limits (2017) [Internet]. 2017 [accessed 2003 Jul]. Available from: http://www.sapp.co.zw/transfer-limits
Musaba, L Naidoo, P. Towards developing a competitive market for regional electricity cross border trading: the case of the Southern African power pool. In: IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. Denver, USA; 2004.
Southern African Power Pool. Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) Day Ahead Market (DAM) Book of Rules [Internet]. 2009. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP Market Trading [Internet]. 2017 [accessed 2017 Sep]. Available from: http://sappmarket.com/
Kundur, P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill; 1994.
Billinton, R Allen, RA. Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems. New York: Plenum Press; 1996.
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2004. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2005. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2006. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2007. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2008. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2010. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report [Internet]. 2011. Available from: www.sapp.co.zw
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report. 2013.
Southern African Power Pool. SAPP Annual Report. 2014.
Rose, A Stoner, R Pérez-Arriaga, I. Integrating market and bilateral power trading in the South African Power Pool [Internet]. 2016 [accessed 2017 Jun]. Available from: https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2016-132_0.pdf
Sioshansi, FP Pfaffenberger, W. Electricity Market Reform: An International Perspective. Elsevier; 2006.
Caramanis, MC Bohn, RE Schweppe, FC. Optimal spot pricing: Practice and theory. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst. 1982; 101:3234–45.
Schweppe, FC Caramanis, MC Tabors, RD Bohn, RE. Spot Pricing of Electricity. Springer US, Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988. 356 p.
Stoft, S. Power System Economics : Designing Markets for Electricity. Wiley-IEEE Press; 2002.
Kirschen, D Strbac, G. Fundamentals of Power System Economics. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2004.
Milstein, I Tishler, A. The inevitability of capacity underinvestment in competitive electricity markets. Energy Econ. 2012; 34(1):62–77.
Biggar, DR Hesamzadeh, MR. The Economics of Electricity Markets. Wiley – IEEE; 2014.
Doorman, G Barquin, J Barroso, L Batlle, C Cruickshank, A Dervieux, C et al. Capacity mechanisms: needs, solutions and state of affairs. 2016.
Doorman, G. Peaking capacity in restructured power systems [Internet]. Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 2000. Available from: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:125349/FULLTEXT01.pdf
De Vries, LJ. Securing the public interest in electricity generation markets: The myths of the invisible hand and the copper plate. Delft University of Technology; 2004.
The Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER). Capacity remuneration mechanisms and the internal market for electricity [Internet]. 2013. Available from: www.acer.europa.eu/...of.../crms and the iem report 130730.pdf
Iychettira, KK. Orchestrating investment in an evolving power sector: An analysis of capacity markets [Internet]. Delft University of technology; 2013. Available from: http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid:b96aaa13-96fc-488b-be96-24c627c12be6/
Caldecott, B McDaniels, J. Stranded generation assets : Implications for European capacity mechanisms , energy markets and climate policy. 2014.
Hancher, L Houteclocque, A de. Capacity mechanisms in EU energy markets: Law, policy, and economics. 1st ed. Oxford University Press; 2015.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Jarrad G. Wright, John van Coller
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png){kind=spacer}