Measurement and verification of irrigation pumping DSM projects: Application of novel methodology designs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i4a1647Keywords:
load shifting, evening peak, meter sampling, baseline development, energy neutral, service level adjustmentAbstract
In South Africa the agricultural sector is a significant energy user, with irrigation pumping being the single biggest electricity-demanding farming activity. The agricultural and commercial sectors contribute 6.5% to annual South African electricity sales. Since 2004, Eskom demand side management (DSM) programmes actively engaged farmers to reduce peak period power usage. Farmers with higher power usage were also assisted to move from Landrate tariff structure to Ruraflex in order to incentivise away from peak-period power use. As part of the DSM programme, a number of large evening peak-load-shifting irrigation projects were implemented. Independent measurement and verification (M&V) assessments were made to establish attained savings over the contracted project life. The M&V of DSM projects normally have problems that complicate project assessments, but even taking this into account, the M&V team experienced exceptional difficulties and cumbersome M&V methodology challenges with certain irrigation projects. Normal baseline development methods were ineffective and novel M&V methods needed to be devised and developed. This paper explains the normal M&V methodology used for typical DSM projects and how it is applied. It gives guidance on baseline metering equipment, sampling and metering point selection. Further it demonstrates project specific issues and service level adjustment (SLA) anomalies that render normal M&V methodologies ineffective. It shows novel and alternative baseline development and SLA methods that were incorporated on DSM projects to accurately quantify project impacts.Downloads
References
Bosman, I.E. and Grobler, L.J. 2006. Measurement and verification of a municipal water pumping project. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17 (1): 42-49.
Carstens, C., Xia, X. and Xianming, Y. 2014. Improvements to longitudinal Clean Development Mechanism sampling designs for lighting retrofit projects. Applied Energy 126: 256–2.
Den Heijer, W. 2010 The measurement and verification guideline for energy efficiency and demand-side management (EEDSM) projects and programmes v10. Online: www.eskom.co.za/idm. Accessed: March 2015.
Du Plessis, M. 2009. Agriculture: Facts and trends South Africa. Online: http://awsassets.wwf.org.za/downloads/facts_brochure_mockup_04_b.pdf. WWF-SA. Accessed: October 2016.
Eskom. 2016. Eskom integrated results presentation for the six months ended 31 March 2016. Online: www.eskom.co.za/OurCompany/Investors/IntegratedReports. Accessed: October 2016.
Eskom Tariff and Charges booklet for 214/2015. 2014. Online: http://www.eskom.co.za/CustomerCare. Last accessed March 2015.
Gouws, R. 2013. Measurement and verification of load shifting interventions for a fridge plant in South Africa. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 24(1) February 2013: 9-14.
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol Committee. 2012. International performance measurement and verification protocol. Concepts and options for determining energy and water savings, Volume 1. Online: http://evo-world.org/en/library-mainmenu/download-protocol-documents-mainmenu-en/volume-i-2012. Accessed: Oct 2016.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board. 2009. Guidelines for sampling and surveys for Clean Development Mechanism projects activities and programme of activities, Version 02.0. Online: https://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif/meth/meth_guid48.pdf. Accessed: Oct 2016.
Storm, ME. 2013. Eskom Standard Product Programme supplementary M&V guideline, North-West University. Document available on request.
Steyn, K. 2014. Office of the Chief Executive Assurance and Forensic Department. Electronic discussions on M&V good practices.
Storm, M.E., Van der Merwe, C.A. and Grobler, L.J. 2008a. M&V of an irrigation pumping project: Case study. Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy conference proceedings. August 2013, pp. 249-254. ISBN 978-0-9922041-1-2.
Storm, M.E. Van der Merwe, C.A. Grobler, L.J., (2008b). M&V of an irrigation pumping project: Case study follow-up. South African Energy Efficiency Conference. Johannesburg, Nov 2008.
Statistics South Africa. 2009. Water accounts for South Africa: 2000. Discussion document – D0405. www.statssa.gov.za/publications/D04051/D040512000.pdf. Accessed: October 2016.
Van der Merwe, C. 2011. The measurement and verification guideline for the standard product programme. Online: http://www.eskom.co.za/IDM/ MeasurementVerification/ Documents/NWU_M_and_ V_Guideline_ _IDM_SP_Programme_v2r2.pdf. Accessed: October 2016.